Beijing

Beijing Template:Native name Peking
Capital and municipality
Beijing Municipality
Template:Infobox settlement/columns
Location of Beijing Municipality within China
Coordinates (Tian'anmen Square national flag): Template:Geobox coor
Country	Template:PRC
Established	1045 BC
Founded by	Zhou dynasty (Western Zhou)
Municipal seat	Tongzhou District
Divisions  - County-level  - Township- level	16 districts 343 towns and subdistricts
Government
• Type	Municipality
• Body	Beijing Municipal People's Congress
• Party Secretary	Yin Li
• Congress Chairman	Li Xiuling
• Mayor	Yin Yong
• Municipal CPPCC Chairman	Vacant
• National People's Congress Representation	53 deputies
Area	{{infobox settlement/Template:Infobox settlement/pref |metv=16410.54 |metu=km2 |impv=Template:Rnd |impu=sq mi |dunv= |dunu=dunam }}
• Metro	{{infobox settlement/Template:Infobox settlement/pref |metv=12796.5 |metu=km2 |impv=Template:Rnd |impu=sq mi |dunv= |dunu=dunam }}
Elevation	Template:Infobox settlement/lengthdisp
Highest elevation (Mount Ling)	Template:Infobox settlement/lengthdisp
Population (2020 census)
• Municipality	21,893,095
• Density	Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp
• Metro	22,366,547
• Metro density	Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp
• Rank	2nd in China 2nd in Asia 27th as an administrative division Density: 4th
• Rank density	Template:Infobox settlement/densdisp
Ethnic groups
• Han	95%
GDP Template:Normal
• Municipality	CN¥ 5,207 billion (13th) US$ 747 billion
• Per capita	CN¥ 239,000 (1st) US$ 34,314
Time zone	CST (UTC+08:00)
Postal codes	100000–102629
Area code(s)	10
ISO 3166 code	CN-BJ
Growth	Template:Increase 5.4% (2025)
License plate prefixes	Template:Lang Template:Lang (taxis) Template:Lang (outside urban area) Template:Lang (police and authorities)
Climate	Monsoon-influenced hot-summer humid continental climate (Dwa)
Abbreviation	Template:Plainlist
HDI (2023)	0.912 (1st) – very high
Website	Template:URL Template:URL

• 
  Batho ba China ba neng ba tsohlela kgahlanong le Tumellano ya Versailles (Mots'eanong 4, 1919), nakong ya Tshintsho ya Botsehali ea Mots'eanong oa Bone.
• 
  La 6 Phupu, 1928, boetapele ba Kuomintang ba ile ba tshwarrella mokete wa mehopolo ho Sun Yat-sen kamora ho phethwa ha Leeto le Leboea edition.
• 
  Peking nakong ya selemo sa 1930s
• 
  Setshwantsho se seholo sa Chiang Kai-shek se ile sa bontshwa hodima Tiananmen kamora Ntwa yaa Lefashe ya Bobedi

Mabotho a Beijing

Beijing,[a] previously romanized as Peking,[b] is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's most populous national capital city, as well as China's second-largest city by urban area, after Shanghai. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a provincial-level direct-administered municipality with 16 municipal districts. Beijing is mo

Dilemong tse 3000 tse fetileng, motse wa Beijing o ile wa e-ba le [./Names_of_<i id= Beijing" id="mwARw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Names of Beijing">mabitso a mang a mangata]. Lebitso Beijing, le bolelang 'Nkaho ya Leboya' (ho tswa ditlhaku tsa China 北 běi bakeng sa tshebeletso le 京 jīng bakeng sa motse-moholo), le ile la sebediswa ho toropo ka 1403 nakong ya borena ba Ming, ho kgetholla toropo ho Nanjing (南京, 'Southern Capital'). Phetolelo ya Senyesemane Beijing e thehilwe ho romanization ya semmuso (e amohetsoeng dilemong tsa bo-1980) ya ditlhaku tsena tse pedi jwalo ka ha di bitswa ka Semandarine se tlwaelehileng. Phetolelo ya kgale ya Senyesemane, Beijing, e sebedisitswe ke moromuwa wa Jesuit Martino Martini ho atlas e tsebahalang e phatlaladitsweng Amsterdam ka 1655. Le hoja Peking e se e se le lebitso le tlwaelehileng la toropo, tse ding tsa dibaka le ditshebeletso tsa toropo tse kgale, jwalo ka Boema-fofane ba Machabeng ba Beijing Capital, ka Khoutu ya IATA PEK, le Univesithi ya Beijing, di ntse di boloka mokgwa wa pele wa ho romanization.

Matshwao a pele a ho dula ha batho motseng wa Beijing a fumanwe mahaheng a Dragon Bone Hill haufi le motse wa Zhoukoudian Setereke sa Fangshan, moo Beijing Man a neng a dula teng. Ho na le dintho tse fumanwang ka mahaha tse fumanweng ke batho ba Homo erectus dilemong tse 230.000 ho isa ho tse 250.000 tse fetileng. Paleolitic Homo sapiens le ena o ne e dula moo morao tjena, dilemong tse ka bang 27,000 tse fetileng. Baepolli ba dintho tsa kgale ba fumane dibaka tsa bodulo tsa mehleng ya kgale motseng oo, ho akarelletsa le Wangfujing, e bohareng ba Beijing.

Motse wa pele o nang le marako BeiJi e ne e le Ji, motse-moholo wa Ji State. Ka hara Beijing ea sejwale-jwale, Ji e ne e le sebakeng sa hona jwale sa Guang'anmen ka borwa ho Setereke sa Xicheng. Nakong ya pele ya Zhou, bodulo bona bo ile ba hapuwa ke naha ya Yan (lekholo la bo11 la dilemo BC - 222 BC), eo motse-moholo wa ona wa pele o neng o le lik'hilomithara tse 45 ka borwa-bophirima ho Setereke sa Fangshan, mme o ile wa etsa motse-mohlwa wa ona o mocha. Yan qetellong e ile ya fetoha e 'ngwe ya di naha tse supileng tse kholo tsa China nakong ya dintwa (c. 475 - 221 BC).

Ba ileng ba hlohlelletsa Phetohelo ya Xinhai ya 1911 ba ile ba batla ho nkela puso ya Qing sebaka ka rephablikhi le baetapele ba kang Sun Yat-sen qalong ba ne ba rerile ho kgutlisetsa motse-moholo Nanjing. Ka mora hore mookamedi wa Qing Yuan Shikai a qobelle moemphera wa ho qetela wa Qing ho itokolla mosebetsing mme a etse hore phetoho e atlehe, bafetohedi ba ile ba mo amohela e le mopresidente wa Rephabliki e ncha ya Chaena. Yuan o ile a boloka motse-moholo wa hae Beijing mme a tiisa matla a hae ka potlako, a ipolela hore ke moemphera ka 1915. Lefu la hae la feta selemo hamorao le ile la siya China tlasa taolo ya marena a ntwa a laolang mabotho a tikoloho. Ka mora katleho ya leeto la Kuomintang la Leboya, motse-moholo o ile wa fallisetswa Nanjing ka molao ka 1928. Ka la 28 Phuptjane selemong sona seo, lebitso la Beijing le ile la kgutlisetswa Beiping (le ngotsweng ka nako eo e le "Peiping"). 

Ka la 7 Phupu 1937, Lebotho la bo29 la sesole le lebotho la Majapane Chaena le ile tsa fapanyetsana dithunya Borokho ba Marco Polo haufi le Qhobosheane ya Wanping ka borwa-bophirima ho toropo. Ketsahalo ya Borokho ba Marco Polo e ile ya baka Ntwa ya Bobeli ya Chaena le Japane, Ntwa ya II ya Lefatshe jwalo kaha e tsejwa Chaena. Nakong ya ntwa, Beijing e ile ya wela Japane ka la 29 Phupu 1937 mme ya etswa setulo sa Mmuso wa nakwana wa Rephabliki ya China, naha ya dipopi e neng e busa dikarolo tsa merabe ya Machaena tsa leboya la Chaena le hapilweng ke Majapane. Mmuso ona hamorao o ile wa kopanngwa le mmuso o moholo wa Wang Jingwei o thehiloeng Nanjing.