English: Kalari Pattu, also known as Kalaripayattu, is one of the oldest martial arts in the world, originating in Kerala, India. Its history dates back thousands of years, with roots in the ancient Indian texts such as the Dhanurveda (science of warfare) and the Vedas. The term "Kalari" refers to the training ground or battlefield, while "Pattu" translates to technique or practice.

Historically, Kalari Pattu was not only a means of combat but also a way of life for warriors in Kerala. It was practiced by various communities, including the Nairs, Thiyyas, and Ezhavas, and was an integral part of their cultural and social fabric. Training in Kalari Pattu involved rigorous physical conditioning, including exercises to enhance flexibility, strength, and agility.

The art form encompasses a wide range of techniques, including strikes, kicks, grappling, weaponry, and healing methods. These techniques are classified into different stages of training, with students progressing from basic exercises to advanced combat maneuvers. Kalari practitioners are trained to use their entire body as a weapon, mastering both armed and unarmed combat.

Beyond its martial aspects, Kalari Pattu also incorporates elements of spirituality and holistic health. Traditional Kalari schools often include teachings on Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine), yoga, and meditation, emphasizing the importance of mental discipline and inner balance alongside physical prowess.

Over time, Kalari Pattu has evolved from a battlefield skill to a performing art and a means of physical fitness. It has gained international recognition for its effectiveness as a self-defense system and its contribution to the development of other martial arts around the world.

Today, Kalari Pattu continues to be practiced in Kerala and has spread to other parts of India and the world. It is preserved through dedicated Kalari schools (known as Kalari koodams) where experienced masters pass on their knowledge to the next generation, ensuring that this ancient martial art form remains alive and vibrant in contemporary times.