Madagascar
Tlhahisoleseling mabapi le madagascar
[fetola | fetola mohloli]Madagascar ke naha ea lihlekehleke e Leoatleng la India, e ka bang lik'hilomithara tse 400 (250 miles) ho tloha lebopong la Afrika Bochabela. Ho Madagascar ke naha ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara. Sechaba se na le sehlekehleke sa Madagascar (sehlekehleke sa bone ho tse kholo ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng) le lihlekehleke tse ngata tse nyane tse ka thoko. Kamora ho arohana ha nalane ea boholo-holo ea Gondwana, Madagascar e ile ea arohana le kontinenteng ea India lilemong tse limilione tse 88 tse fetileng, ea lumella limela le liphoofolo tsa tlhaho hore li fetohe ka thoko. Ka lebaka leo, Madagascar ke sebaka se nang le mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang; ho feta 90% ea liphoofolo tsa eona tse hlaha ha e fumanehe kae kapa kae Lefatšeng. Mefuta e fapaneng ea tikoloho ea sehlekehleke sena le liphoofolo tse hlaha tse ikhethang li sokeloa ke ho kenella hoa batho ba ntseng ba hola ka potlako le litšokelo tse ling tsa tikoloho.
Bopaki ba baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba ho fepa batho ba pele Madagascar e ka ba lilemo tse 10 000 tse fetileng. Bolulo ba batho ba Madagascar bo etsahetse lipakeng tsa 350 BC le 550 AD ke batho ba Maindonesia ba Maindia, ba fihla ka liketsoana tse tsoang lihlekehlekeng tsa Indonesia, moo maemo a sechaba le a bolumeli e neng e le a Bohindu le Buddhism, hammoho le moetlo oa matsoalloa a Indonesia. Tsena li ile tsa kopanngoa ho pota lekholo la bo9 la lilemo AD ke bajaki ba Bantu ba tšelang Channel ea Mozambique ba tsoa Afrika Bochabela. Lihlopha tse ling li ile tsa tsoela pele ho lula Madagascar ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, se seng le se seng se ile sa kenya letsoho bophelo ba setso sa Madagascar. Morabe oa Malagasy hangata o aroloa ka lihlotšoana tse 18 kapa ho feta, tseo tse kholo ho tsona ke Merina ea lihlabeng tse bohareng.
Ho fihlela qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo, sehlekehleke sa Madagascar se ne se busoa ke mekhahlelo e mengata ea lilekane tse feto-fetohang tsa lipolotiki. Ho qala mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, boholo ba sehlekehleke se ne se kopane ebile se busoa e le 'Muso oa Madagascar ke letoto la bahlomphehi ba Merina. Borena bo ile ba fela ka 1897 ha sehlekehleke sena se ne se kenella pusong ea bokoloni ea Fora, eo sehlekehleke sena se ileng sa fumana boipuso ho sona ka 1960. Naha e ipusang ea Madagascar ho tloha ka nako eo e bile le linako tse nne tse kholo tsa molaotheo, tse bitsoang lirephabliki. Ho tloha 1992, sechaba se ntse se busoa ka semolao e le demokrasi ea molaotheo ho tloha motse-moholo oa eona oa Antananarivo. Leha ho le joalo, moferefereng o neng o tumme ka 2009, mopresidente Marc Ravalomanana o ile a tlameha ho itokolla mosebetsing mme matla a bopresidente a fetisetsoa ka Hlakubele 2009 ho Andry Rajoelina. Puso ea molao oa motheo e ile ea khutlisoa ka Pherekhong 2014, ha Hery Rajaonarimampianina a ne a khethoa e le mopresidente kamora likhetho tsa 2013 tse nkoang li lokile ebile li le pepeneneng ke sechaba sa machabeng. Madagascar ke setho sa Machaba a Kopaneng, Mokhatlo oa Afrika (AU), Southern African Development Community (SADC), le Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie.
Madagascar ke ea sehlopha sa linaha tse sa tsoelang pele haholo ho latela UN. Malagasy le Sefora ka bobeli ke lipuo tsa semmuso tsa mmuso. Boholo ba baahi bo latela litumelo tsa setso, Bokreste, kapa ho ikopanya ka bobeli. Ecotourism le temo, tse kopaneng le matsete a maholo ho tsa thuto, bophelo bo botle le likhoebo tse ikemetseng, ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa leano la nts'etsopele la Madagascar. Tlas'a Ravalomanana, matsete ana a hlahisitse kholo e kholo ea moruo, empa melemo ha ea ka ea hasana ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho pholletsa le baahi, ho hlahisa tsitsipano ka theko e ntseng e phahama ea bophelo le ho theoha ha maemo a bophelo har'a ba futsanehileng le likarolo tse ling tsa maemo a mahareng. Ho tloha ka 2017, moruo o ne o fokolisitsoe ke koluoa ea lipolotiki ea 2009-2013, mme boleng ba bophelo bo lula bo le tlase ho bongata ba batho ba Malagasy.
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